A city is as a human being that develops very fast, either becoming larger or smaller closed to the state of dying. This kind of development could happen to the whole city or part of the city. A city will never stop to evolve because it has a dynamic activity of human being who lives in it. Even a death city where no one lives in it any more, become an archeological research subject to know how people use to subsist in it in the past. In a good city mankind orients their activity to a certain point so that their live is directed with dynamism. In a city that lost their orientation, or we call it disorientation, people live uncomfortably. There are more people stress, suicide, and other social pathology in a disoriented city.
The cities in different country a different typology that could be seen from social economics that ends into different urban form. Although the city in the same continent, it has different level of attitude to the old urban center. They have different kind of management toward this historic part. Hence, there is different kind of impact in social, economic, cultural, politic, and environment.
The ideal orientation of the city is toward the old city. It is the orientation of urban activity in the city. Old city is the activity center that cannot be separated from human life. There may be a new part as the new center, but the old center is still the most important part of the city. The old center is the center of urban dwellers’s memory and reminiscence of their city. It cannot be erased from the urban environment and replaced by new buildings as Le Corbusier wanted to wipe away the center of Paris and replaced it with new and modern housing as the new business center, known as Plan Voisin proposal for paris in 1925 (Kenneth Frampton, Modern Architecture a Critical History 1994: 155). The neglected old urban center will haunt the new center that lack of memory and history of human kind. Orientation makes life in the city in order. When it lost its orientation all becomes disorder and the use of space is not in order, hence there are a lot of crimes.
The old city center always be either the place of social problem, a dying down town, or a nice place to live, to have leisure and center of urban activity. Each country will have different plan on the city center based on the actual condition they have, with different problem on it. Any how it is a complex topic to be discussed.
Several cities especially in Europe are successful to deal with old city. They are fruitfully in revitalizing their old city and protecting it from destruction because of the World War II. Now this old centers become the center of urban activity and even the center of tourism activity. The old city in Europe always has a city center where the old church is located. It is the center of communication, social and cultural life among city dwellers. The success to use the space in the old inner city can be seen in Amsterdam that was in 1990 the red light area in the city center was very large. However, in 2000s there are many houses used to be bordellos are changed to be offices. The phenomena of city center in Europe are useful to be applied in third world. In Europe the orientation is still the old urban center the organized the whole activity in the city. Berlin during the cold war was divided into West and East Berlin. The old urban center is located at East Berlin and west Berlin form a new center at Zoologische garten. People need a center as their orientation.
The cities always have its orientation; whether it is an important building as a center or an open space that occasionally uses to be a market. The old city in Asia also has the center such as the Forbidden City as the center of Beijing. The old city of Jakarta has the old harbor as the center too. In the ancient time, these old centers were important place it term of Politic, Social and economics. However, at present there are more cities, especially in the third world neglect the old center and leave it with social problem, environment degradation that makes it a horror for the city inhabitant.
The problem is that new centers emerged without any pattern as it is only based on economics consideration. It became larger and larger without anyone can control it. The city is hence disoriented from its natural center and developed without any orientation. The city is hence not oriented to any center. It is fragmented without any center. The lost of orientation neglect the old center that tends to be left by its inhabitant so that economically, socially, culturally become worse.
In Indonesia the disorientation happened to all cities because of the uncontrolled development that reduces public space and open space that creates a lot of environmental problem. The population growth gives a great impact on the use of space that makes the city became larger and larger and brings problems in social-economics, culture and finally its estuary in sustainable development. This uncontrolled development that sprawled everywhere makes the city lost its orientation. The expansion of the city creates the emergence of new centers at the urban periphery and neglected the old city center.
Indonesia, like any countries in the third world, has a considerable problem on sustainable development. For instance, lately the government is planning to build a toll road all over Java, the most populous island in the country, because of traffic congestion (Kompas 17 November, Toll Road will cause conversion of rice field). This toll road is predicted to encourage the extension of cities in Java and makes the island became an urban area with uncountable new urban center. This new centers will push the cities disoriented and lost the orientation to the old city center.
With the development of toll road, there will be land use change along the new road from farming land area to be housing or industry area. This land use change has already happened along the existing road connecting the cities. There almost no open space between cities because of uncontrolled urban enlargement. The planned toll road is another route connecting the cities. At this moment the area that will be taken for toll road are still farming area. There will be no border between cities because of urban expansion taking the open spaces. In this case there is a huge contraction of rice field on the island that was the most prosperous island in the past. As the new urban center emerged, the old urban center diminished. It is deteriorated, untidy, along with the emergence of social problem. The cities are hence oriented not to a single point the old urban center, but to several points. In the context of our research, these cities are disoriented very fast. Such phenomena happened everywhere in the third world countries where urban sprawl cannot be controlled any more.
Now there are large of cities that has already lost its orientation to the old city and disoriented. When the toll road has been built there will be more cities of which old urban center will be left by its inhabitant, and become a social, economic and environmental problem. There will be more degradation of inhabitant in the old urban center, more house hold move from the old inner city to the new housing estate at the periphery. The city lost its orientation as a symbol that becomes the identity of urban area. This is due to the rapid growth that tends to be uncontrolled.
There are many legal and non-legal housing appeared at the riverbank that should be used for the green belt. This development invited many social, economic, politic and environmental problems in the city that make it unsustainable. Cities sprawl to every direction with shop-houses. Meanwhile there is no place for pedestrian to walk so that people prefer to use car although in a much closed distance. In large city like Jakarta, urban sprawl creates traffic jam that gives problem of social, economic, and environment. It makes the environmental degradation that invite flood, unhealthy environment and uncomfortable life.
The alteration of orientation of urban activity that previously toward the old city center now they are on their back to this center influences the whole aspect of urban life. People tend to remove their working and living place to the new center that is glamorous and healthy. The ecological damage and environmental deterioration makes the old city center a place that is avoided by the urban dweller. This glorious place in the past is now lack of drinking water, a bad sewerage, and awful drainage that cause flood. The old center now suffered inundated and many environmental problem. In Semarang, the capital of central Java province, gradually people left the city center as there is flood when the sea level rose. As the opposite, the new center that was built recently became a new magnet and it is the orientation urban activity. Hence, a research to know how people live and stay in the old city center is very important.
If the old center is the center of community in the city, where leisure, social and outdoor activity are located, the lost of orientation of the city give an impact that people lost for their communication one to another. Children lost their place to play together. Young people lost their place to chat and old people lost their place to sit and talk. It means the lost of orientation makes stress for the people so that there are more suicide. In a giant city, one only has a few friends. Hence the orientation is important in social life the lost of orientation makes the urban life is not socially sustainable. The need of urban center for social and cultural activity cannot be denied. As there is no old urban center as part of their social and cultural life, people taking a walk in the mall as an artificial city center.
The cities in different country a different typology that could be seen from social economics that ends into different urban form. Although the city in the same continent, it has different level of attitude to the old urban center. They have different kind of management toward this historic part. Hence, there is different kind of impact in social, economic, cultural, politic, and environment.
The ideal orientation of the city is toward the old city. It is the orientation of urban activity in the city. Old city is the activity center that cannot be separated from human life. There may be a new part as the new center, but the old center is still the most important part of the city. The old center is the center of urban dwellers’s memory and reminiscence of their city. It cannot be erased from the urban environment and replaced by new buildings as Le Corbusier wanted to wipe away the center of Paris and replaced it with new and modern housing as the new business center, known as Plan Voisin proposal for paris in 1925 (Kenneth Frampton, Modern Architecture a Critical History 1994: 155). The neglected old urban center will haunt the new center that lack of memory and history of human kind. Orientation makes life in the city in order. When it lost its orientation all becomes disorder and the use of space is not in order, hence there are a lot of crimes.
The old city center always be either the place of social problem, a dying down town, or a nice place to live, to have leisure and center of urban activity. Each country will have different plan on the city center based on the actual condition they have, with different problem on it. Any how it is a complex topic to be discussed.
Several cities especially in Europe are successful to deal with old city. They are fruitfully in revitalizing their old city and protecting it from destruction because of the World War II. Now this old centers become the center of urban activity and even the center of tourism activity. The old city in Europe always has a city center where the old church is located. It is the center of communication, social and cultural life among city dwellers. The success to use the space in the old inner city can be seen in Amsterdam that was in 1990 the red light area in the city center was very large. However, in 2000s there are many houses used to be bordellos are changed to be offices. The phenomena of city center in Europe are useful to be applied in third world. In Europe the orientation is still the old urban center the organized the whole activity in the city. Berlin during the cold war was divided into West and East Berlin. The old urban center is located at East Berlin and west Berlin form a new center at Zoologische garten. People need a center as their orientation.
The cities always have its orientation; whether it is an important building as a center or an open space that occasionally uses to be a market. The old city in Asia also has the center such as the Forbidden City as the center of Beijing. The old city of Jakarta has the old harbor as the center too. In the ancient time, these old centers were important place it term of Politic, Social and economics. However, at present there are more cities, especially in the third world neglect the old center and leave it with social problem, environment degradation that makes it a horror for the city inhabitant.
The problem is that new centers emerged without any pattern as it is only based on economics consideration. It became larger and larger without anyone can control it. The city is hence disoriented from its natural center and developed without any orientation. The city is hence not oriented to any center. It is fragmented without any center. The lost of orientation neglect the old center that tends to be left by its inhabitant so that economically, socially, culturally become worse.
In Indonesia the disorientation happened to all cities because of the uncontrolled development that reduces public space and open space that creates a lot of environmental problem. The population growth gives a great impact on the use of space that makes the city became larger and larger and brings problems in social-economics, culture and finally its estuary in sustainable development. This uncontrolled development that sprawled everywhere makes the city lost its orientation. The expansion of the city creates the emergence of new centers at the urban periphery and neglected the old city center.
Indonesia, like any countries in the third world, has a considerable problem on sustainable development. For instance, lately the government is planning to build a toll road all over Java, the most populous island in the country, because of traffic congestion (Kompas 17 November, Toll Road will cause conversion of rice field). This toll road is predicted to encourage the extension of cities in Java and makes the island became an urban area with uncountable new urban center. This new centers will push the cities disoriented and lost the orientation to the old city center.
With the development of toll road, there will be land use change along the new road from farming land area to be housing or industry area. This land use change has already happened along the existing road connecting the cities. There almost no open space between cities because of uncontrolled urban enlargement. The planned toll road is another route connecting the cities. At this moment the area that will be taken for toll road are still farming area. There will be no border between cities because of urban expansion taking the open spaces. In this case there is a huge contraction of rice field on the island that was the most prosperous island in the past. As the new urban center emerged, the old urban center diminished. It is deteriorated, untidy, along with the emergence of social problem. The cities are hence oriented not to a single point the old urban center, but to several points. In the context of our research, these cities are disoriented very fast. Such phenomena happened everywhere in the third world countries where urban sprawl cannot be controlled any more.
Now there are large of cities that has already lost its orientation to the old city and disoriented. When the toll road has been built there will be more cities of which old urban center will be left by its inhabitant, and become a social, economic and environmental problem. There will be more degradation of inhabitant in the old urban center, more house hold move from the old inner city to the new housing estate at the periphery. The city lost its orientation as a symbol that becomes the identity of urban area. This is due to the rapid growth that tends to be uncontrolled.
There are many legal and non-legal housing appeared at the riverbank that should be used for the green belt. This development invited many social, economic, politic and environmental problems in the city that make it unsustainable. Cities sprawl to every direction with shop-houses. Meanwhile there is no place for pedestrian to walk so that people prefer to use car although in a much closed distance. In large city like Jakarta, urban sprawl creates traffic jam that gives problem of social, economic, and environment. It makes the environmental degradation that invite flood, unhealthy environment and uncomfortable life.
The alteration of orientation of urban activity that previously toward the old city center now they are on their back to this center influences the whole aspect of urban life. People tend to remove their working and living place to the new center that is glamorous and healthy. The ecological damage and environmental deterioration makes the old city center a place that is avoided by the urban dweller. This glorious place in the past is now lack of drinking water, a bad sewerage, and awful drainage that cause flood. The old center now suffered inundated and many environmental problem. In Semarang, the capital of central Java province, gradually people left the city center as there is flood when the sea level rose. As the opposite, the new center that was built recently became a new magnet and it is the orientation urban activity. Hence, a research to know how people live and stay in the old city center is very important.
If the old center is the center of community in the city, where leisure, social and outdoor activity are located, the lost of orientation of the city give an impact that people lost for their communication one to another. Children lost their place to play together. Young people lost their place to chat and old people lost their place to sit and talk. It means the lost of orientation makes stress for the people so that there are more suicide. In a giant city, one only has a few friends. Hence the orientation is important in social life the lost of orientation makes the urban life is not socially sustainable. The need of urban center for social and cultural activity cannot be denied. As there is no old urban center as part of their social and cultural life, people taking a walk in the mall as an artificial city center.
The relation to the topic of this call for proposal can be seen from the direct impact of disorientation, or lost its orientation, of the city to its old center. As the city centers are left by the urban activity, it changed the land uses dramatically. The land uses change give an impact on social, economic, culture, politic and environment. It changes the urban form that gives a result on social life. It changes the land use and the pattern of living that the old center is not anymore the center of urban life. On the other hand day by day the other part city becomes larger and larger without any control. Slum area emerged at the city center as poor people try to find a place that is cheap. Disorientation makes the city lost its orientation to the old center and left the old center dilapidated while the new part has grown up rapidly. The old centre that dilapidated became hollow, problem, in the fast growing urban.
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